In today’s digital age, social networks are shaping the dreams, ambitions and perceptions of an entire generation. In Togo and many other West African countries, thousands of young people log on to platforms like Facebook, TikTok, Instagram and YouTube each day to follow the lives of those who have crossed borders. They are presented with alluring images of life in Europe, North America or Canada: snowy selfies, sleek modern apartments and glamorous parties. These curated virtual narratives fuel a powerful migratory dream – often idealised and sometimes far removed from reality. But what lies behind these carefully crafted posts? How do these platforms influence decisions, shape hopes and sometimes lead to deep disillusionment? Through the voices and experiences of young Togolese, this report explores the complex relationship between social media and migration, between the fantasy of elsewhere and the sometimes harsh reality of life abroad.

A window onto the outside world

These days, spending just a few minutes scrolling through TikTok, Instagram, or Facebook can transport one to an entirely different reality, an “elsewhere” that appears gentler, more prosperous and more desirable. For many young West Africans, social networks have become a modern showcase for migration, offering curated glimpses into life abroad.

“I follow several social media pages that talk about life overseas, especially in Europe, Canada and the United States. Some share useful advice about studying or working abroad, while others portray a lifestyle that looks enviable, but can be misleading,” says Edem B., a young biology graduate living in Accra. “It made me realise just how important it is to be well informed, because not everything is as simple as it seems online.”

For César N., a student at the University of Lomé (INJS), browsing these platforms is a daily delight. “There’s only one thing I want: to go!” he exclaims. “The way it’s presented, makes you feel that the good life exists only outside of Africa. The advertising is well done – it actually succeeds in really selling the dream.”

Yendoumi, who holds a degree in Communication Studies from the same university, offers a more nuanced perspective. “Every day, I read about life beyond Africa. It’s enlightening because it reveals the sometimes harsh realities faced by migrants. But these platforms also share valuable information – like study opportunities and practical advice.”

When social media takes the place of official information

In the absence of accessible, reliable and officially supervised information on migration, many young people turn to social media as their primary source. But this digital shortcut often comes at a cost: misinformation, biased narratives and even scams, which are widespread.

Many videos and posts highlight only the most attractive aspects of life abroad: spacious homes, sleek cars and glamorous outings. The struggles – harsh weather, isolation and exhausting low-wage jobs – are rarely portrayed. “Some people do this to look good or to reassure their families and friends,” warns Edem B. “You really have to be careful, because social media often hides the difficult parts.”

César N. agrees but adds a word of caution: “There’s some truth in what people post, but also a lot of lies. Some just embellish their lives abroad to impress others.”

Yendoumi considers herself fortunate to have a friend living abroad who gives her a more balanced view of life on the other side. “I have a friend in Europe whom I speak to every day. On social media, she often shows a perfect life – but in our private conversations, she admits that things are far from easy. Many people choose to hide the negative aspects,” she confides.

Julien Amouzou, a student at the University of Lomé, stresses the importance of critical thinking and reliable sources. “I trust official institutions more. Embassies and NGOs provide more accurate and reliable information, even if it takes longer to obtain. Social networks can be useful, but it’s important to cross-check your sources.”

Between social pressure and the pursuit of a better future

For many, moving abroad has become a powerful symbol of success. Social networks amplify this perception, intensifying social, personal and family related pressure on those left behind.

“Strangely enough, having a child or relative living abroad is seen as a source of pride. In our society, it’s reassuring – even prestigious,” says César.

Edem B. underscores how deeply this expectation can affect young people. “It’s an overwhelming pressure, especially when people from our neighborhood – or even family members – leave and start sending money back home. Sometimes, parents will ask questions like, ‘What about you? When are you leaving?’”

“To this day, I still feel that pressure. My family regards people who are abroad as if they’ve achieved more than I have. It’s a real burden,” admits Yendoumi.

Julien Amouzou offers a more grounded perspective: “Success doesn’t necessarily mean leaving the country. You can succeed at home. Everything happens in its own time.”

Towards a more responsible use of social networks

Social networks should not be demonised. When used responsibly, they can become powerful tools for education, preparation and empowerment. But to realise this potential, we must rethink the way migration is communicated online.

Several avenues can be explored:

• Train young people to think critically about migration-related content they encounter online.
  
• Encourage the creation of honest and balanced narratives that showcase both the successes and the challenges of life abroad.
  
• Develop reliable information platforms, such as Dialogue Migration, that provide clear guidance on legal procedures, migrants’ rights and the economic and cultural realities of migration.
  
• Involve responsible influencers who can spread more nuanced, reality-based messages that move away from sensationalism.
  

Social media has become a powerful mirror. In fact, like any mirror, it can distort reality as easily as it can reflect it. In our collective pursuit of a better future, we must work to ensure that this reflection is more credible, more balanced and above all, more human.