Benin is updating its immigration legislation for people of African descent, and other foreign nationals including those of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES) (editor’s note: Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso) since their countries left the regional community ECOWAS. Parliament recently passed two bills to help manage migratory flows, ensure public safety and promote civic and digital inclusion 

Benin has introduced significant reforms to its legislation on foreigners, with the aim of aligning the legal framework with the current realities of mobility and international cooperation. The updated laws modernise provisions for non-nationals, Afro-descendants and nationals of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES). Several amendments have been introduced to address mobility, security and international cooperation in immigration matters. The reforms are intended to modernise and clarify the legal framework governing the entry, residence and exit of foreign nationals, balancing the need for greater mobility with the need for enhanced immigration-related security measures. The reforms also seek to strengthen collaboration with partner countries in managing migratory flows.

Towards the creation of a residents’ register

Act No. 2025-12 amends Act no. 2017-08 of 19 June 2017 on the identification of persons in the Republic of Benin. It aims to provide enhanced protection for foreign nationals who have acquired Beninese nationality, as well as Afro-descendants.

According to Article 6 (new) of the Act, which was adopted by the Beninese Parliament on 20 June 2025: ‘Foreign nationals and individuals who have obtained Beninese nationality through recognition shall be entered into the national biometric population register under conditions defined by a decree issued by the Council of Ministers.’ The data collected on foreign nationals will be used to establish a residents’ register. Each foreign national recorded in the national biometric population register will be assigned a personal foreign national identification number. Those who have acquired Beninese nationality through recognition will be issued a personal identification number specifically reserved for Afro-descendants.

According to the report reviewed during the parliamentary plenary session, this new provision will help the country to manage migratory flows, ensure public safety and promote civic and digital inclusion.

Aligning Benin’s legal framework with European Union, international standards

On 25 June, 2025, the country revised its legislation governing the entry, residence and exit of foreign nationals. Law No. 2025-15, adopted by Parliament, replaces legislation that was nearly 40 years old. In a spirit of openness and regional integration, it brings Beninese law into line with EU and international norms by clarifying the rights, responsibilities and procedures applicable to foreign nationals.

However, the new law also introduces stricter identification requirements as all foreign nationals entering Benin must present a valid passport or travel document. Without these, entry may be denied. The law also strengthens regulatory mechanisms and provides for deportation in cases of unlawful residence.

The case of AES countries

Law No. 2025-15 reflects recent geopolitical developments, including the formation of the Alliance of Sahel States (AES).

While bringing Benin’s migration policy into line with international standards, the legislation preserves the country’s deep historical and cultural ties with its neighbours. This is set against a regional backdrop of growing political and security tensions.

Following its adoption, citizens of the AES, particularly those from Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger, who recently withdrew from ECOWAS, can no longer benefit from the free movement privileges formerly associated with ECOWAS membership.

However, in a spirit of openness and pan-African solidarity, Benin has chosen to maintain certain advantages for African nationals, including those from AES member States. 

They will remain exempt from visa and residence permit requirements for entry and short stays in Benin, in line with the exemptions granted to non-ECOWAS African nationals.