While the Senegalese diaspora is often regarded as a driver of national development, the situation at the local level is more nuanced. In Rufisque, a department historically shaped by migration, the diaspora’s commitment to regional development is apparent, yet it has struggled to fully materialise and assert itself. This contrasts with regions such as Matam (north-east) and Tambacounda (centre), where the links between migrants and local communities are strong and well-established. These dynamics are further explored in the analysis of modes of engagement in “migration and development” related to territorial development, as presented in the GRDR (Research and Implementation Group for Rural Development) report, Migration Profile of the Department of Rufisque.

An analysis of the Rufisque diaspora’s engagement, based on an in-depth survey, highlights their significant contributions. Remittances, investments in real estate, trade and agriculture – and especially the transfer of technical skills – play a key role in improving daily living conditions. However, these efforts are largely carried out by individuals or small groups, lacking visibility and overall coordination. The report notes that “these actions are still not very visible to local actors, as collaboration between the diaspora and local authorities remains limited.”

Combined challenge of identity and trust

This dynamic is further weakened by the department’s migration history. Although Rufisque has long been a welcoming territory, it does not share the same tradition of emigration as other regions. This historical profile has resulted in a less organised diaspora, making it difficult for researchers to track returning migrants. Focus groups with local stakeholders highlighted a major challenge: the weak sense of belonging among immigrants from other regions who have settled in Rufisque. Combined with limited trust in local elected officials, this situation helps explain the diaspora’s limited willingness to invest in more structural or long-term initiatives.

A dire need for support and visibility

The report identifies another major obstacle: the lack of support for returning migrants. Many are willing to invest and launch projects but lack the necessary resources or guidance. As noted in the focus groups, “migrants need support to better target investment sectors and undertake collective action for greater efficiency and effectiveness.” While BAOS – Bureau d’Aide à l’Orientation et au Soutien (the Guidance and Support Bureau) has provided valuable assistance in funding some initiatives, its efforts fall far short of addressing the overall need. Consultations on these issues remain limited and are often overshadowed by debates surrounding irregular migration.

A significant development opportunity to be seized

In conclusion, the Rufisque department stands at a turning point. Its migratory potential could serve as a powerful driver of economic and social development. To harness this potential, local authorities must work closely with civil society to implement concrete measures. This includes creating platforms for dialogue between elected officials and the diaspora, establishing support structures for return projects and, above all, shifting perspectives. Migration should be recognised as a valuable development resource and integrated into the territory’s strategic objectives. The challenge for Rufisque is to transform individual contributions into a visible, collective force capable of driving sustainable and inclusive development throughout the Department.