Migration is an inevitable reality for many young Africans seeking a better future, whether by moving to other countries on the continent or by moving to the Western World. Whether voluntarily or forced, it still raises numerous challenges, including psychological implications that are often overlooked. Between hope, disillusionment and resilience, young migrants face complex emotional challenges that directly affect their mental health.  

Reasons behind young Africans’ migration

There are many reasons behind young Africans migrating, combining economic, social, and security factors. These include the search for economic opportunities, the desire to escape conflict, the pursuit of quality education and the influence of social networks. Success stories shared online fuel aspirations that are often idealised, leading some young people to try their luck elsewhere.

Psychological impact of migration

Migration, although a source of hope, also carries an immense emotional burden.

The migration process is often accompanied by challenges such as uncertainty about the future, complex administrative procedures and fear of failure. These factors are major sources of stress and mental pressure.

According to Dr. Selom Zinsou Degboe, a clinical psychologist at the teaching hospital CHU Campus in Togo, “Depressive disorders, bipolar disorders, and problematic use of psychoactive substances (drugs) are common among young migrants. Immigration can act as a trigger or a factor in maintaining mental disorders.”

Young migrants also have to cope with culture shock, food-related issues and environmental changes, all while being deprived of family support. As a result, some of them turn to drugs as a coping mechanism.

Physical and psychological violence, exploitation, racism and precarious living conditions are all traumas that can lead to post-traumatic stress disorder or prolonged distress.

Separation from family and culture can result in profound loneliness. The lack of emotional support combined with difficulties in creating new social connections, further intensifies the feeling of exclusion.

When expectations are not met, disappointment can lead to loss of motivation, lower self-esteem and sometimes suicidal thoughts.

Young people often find themselves torn between integrating into a new culture and preserving their original values, no longer knowing where their true identity lies.

Mitigating psychological effects

Dr. Selom Zinsou Degboe points out that appropriate preparation and support are essential to reduce the emotional impact of migration,:

Pre-departure preparation: Young people need to be informed about the realities of migration and prepared psychologically, financially and physically. Dr Zinsou advises: “Young people must learn to engage in regular physical activity to maintain their psychological balance. A mentor, such as a family member or close friend, can help them adapt.”

Maintaining family ties: Parents play a vital role in supporting young migrants. “Parents must maintain regular contact with their children using ICTs and organise visits or holidays to strengthen the family bond,” adds Dr. Zinsou Degboe.

Access to mental health services: Governments and NGOs must develop programmes to provide mental health services, discussion groups and social integration structures, which are essential to support young people in their adaptation process.Strengthening community networks: Creating community support networks helps to reduce isolation and strengthen the resilience of young migrants.