Some words and phrases used to describe migrants can be perceived as frustrating or stigmatising. They often conjure up dehumanising stereotypes and emphasise supposed differences, further marginalising these people. These terms are criticised for portraying migrants as a threat. This factsheet lists terms that Amnesty International considers inappropriate or in need of clarification. It recommends avoiding certain words or phrases when discussing migrants or refugees.

Avoid using terms such as ‘flows’, ‘flux’ and ‘waves’.

Amnesty International believes that these terms dehumanise migrants and refugees. Referring to them as ‘illegal immigrants’ or ‘invaders’ reduces them to an indistinct mass and makes them seem threatening. It is more accurate to use verbs such as ‘flee’, ‘take refuge’ or ‘leave’, which reflect their situation of forced exile.

Do not use the terms ‘clandestine’ or ‘illegal’

According to Amnesty International, no one is ‘illegal’ per se. Rather, it is the administrative conditions of presence in a given territory that can be regular or irregular, depending on whether or not the relevant documents are in possession.

Avoid term ‘candidate for exile’ and ‘candidate for asylum’

These phrases imply that exile is a choice or an opportunity when, in reality, it is often a vital necessity. They create a false impression of refugees, who do not leave their country to ‘try their luck’, but because they have no choice. Amnesty International believes that exile is not a competition or an examination for candidates, and these terms should therefore be avoided. The organisation states that these terms give an erroneous image of the situation of refugees, suggesting that they have chosen to leave their country to try their luck elsewhere. For refugees, fleeing their country is not a choice, but a necessity.

Are refugees vulnerable and victims?

They can find themselves in a vulnerable situation when states fail to provide safe travel conditions. However, labelling them as victims can prevent them from rebuilding their lives and actively contributing to their host societies.

Pendular mobility, rather than pendular migration, is a more accurate termThe Géo Confluences website points out that the term ‘pendular migration’ is often misused to refer to commuting. To limit confusion, it is preferable to use ‘pendular’ or ‘triangular’ mobility.